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OBJECTIVE： To observe neuroprotective effects of low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate （CS） on dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease （PD） mice model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1，2，3，6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP）. METHODS： C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group， MPTP injury group， low-molecular-weight CS low-dose and high-dose groups （100， 400 mg/kg）. Control group and MPTP injury group were given constant volume of normal saline intragstrically， administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 17 d. Since 11th day after medication， except for control group， other groups were given MPTP solution （20 mg/kg） intraperitoneally to induce PD model， once a day， consecutive 5 d. After last medication， behavioral changes of mice （10 mice in each group） were evaluated by rotary rod fatigue tester. The damage of dopamine neurons （the percentage of TH positive cell and the percentage of fluorescence intensity） in substantia nigra of mice （3 mice in each group） was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The content of dopamine in striatum was determined by HPLC （6 mice in each group）. The changes of oxidant stress indexes （SOD， GSH-Px， MDA） in substantia nigra of mice were determined by chemical colorimetry （6 mice in each group）. RESULTS： Compared with control group， retention time of mice on rotating rods was shortened significantly in MPTP injury group； TH positive cells of substantia nigra were decreased significantly， fluorescence intensity was obviously weakened； the percentage of positive cells and fluorescence intensity， the content of dopamine in striatum， the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in substantia nigra were decreased significantly， while the content of MDA was increased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with MPTP injury group， retention time of mice on the rotating rods was prolonged significantly in low-molecular-weight CS groups， the number of TH positive cells was increased significantly in substantia nigra and fluorescence intensity was increased significantly； the percentage of positive cells， the percentage of fluorescence intensity and the content of dopamine in striatum were increased significantly， while above indexes of high-dose group were significantly longer or higher than those of low-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in substantia nigra were increased significantly in low-molecular-weight CS groups， while the content of MDA in substantia nigra was decreased significantly in low-molecular-weight CS high-dose group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Prophylactic administration of low-molecular-weight CS can relieve the damage of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of PD model mice induced by MPTP in a dose-dependent manner， and increase the secretion of dopamine in striatum. The effect may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the enhancement of antioxidant capacity of tissues.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effects mechanism of scallop skirt glycosaminoglycan(SS-GAG)on inju-ry in human umbilical vein endothelium cells (HUVEC). METHODS:In the test,there was a negative control group,a model group and the groups of SS-GAG at high,middle and low concentrations(mass concentrations of 200,100 and 50 mg/L respective-ly). The cells in latter 3 groups were cultured in SS-GAG at different mass concentrations for 12 h,and then in 50 μmol/L oxidized low-density lipoprotein(OX-LDL)for 24 h. MTT method was used to detect cell viability and the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH),the flow cytometer to determine the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS),real-time fluorescence quantitative poly-merase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect mRNA expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1), and Western blot to detect NOX4 protein expression. RESULTS:Compared to the cells in the negative control group,those in the model group demonstrated lower viability,higher activity of LDH,higher level of ROS,and stronger expressions of LOX-1 mRNA and NOX4 protein. There was statistical significance (P<0.01). Compared to the cells in the model group,those in the groups of SS-GAG at high,middle and low concentrations showed higher viability,lower activity of LDH,lower level of ROS and weaker expressions of LOX-1 mRNA and NOX4 protein. There was statistical significance (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:SS-GAG can protect HUVEC to some degree by a mechanism which may be related to inhibiting ROS production via LOX-1/NOX4 pathway and relieving oxidative stress injury.
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Objective: To study the effects of glycosaminoglycan from scallop skirt (SS-GAG) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis action of SS-GAG. Methods: U937 cells were incubated with 80mg/L oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 48h to establish a macrophage-derived foam cell model. In addition, U937 cells were divided into 6 groups: ①control group; ②ox-LDL group; ③ox-LDL+200mg/L SS-GAG group; ④ox-LDL+400 mg/L SS-GAG group; ⑤ox-LDL+800 mg/L SS-GAG group; ⑥ox-LDL +Heparin 100 mg/L group.After 48h's incubation, the concentration of VEGF in the medium was determined by ELISA. Results: The expression of VEGF in U937 foam cells was obviously higher than that of the control group. After treatment with heparin (100 mg/L) and SS-GAG of different concentrations (200mg/L, 400 mg/L, 800 mg/L), the expression of VEGF decreased obviously, especially in the ox-LDL+800 mg/L SS-GAG group (P＜0.01). Conclusion: The antiatherogenic effect of SS-GAG is probably due to its ability to inhibit VEGF expression.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the action mechanism and effect of celecoxib on cisplatin-induced delayed emesis in rats.METHODS:The rats were divided into control group,cisplatin group,and celecoxib group(cisplatin plus celecoxib).Kaolin intake in the rats after administration of corresponding drugs was observed.Levels of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIAA in intestinal tissues,and the activities of tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH)and monoamine oxidase(MAO)were determined,and the morphological changes of the intestinal tissues were observed.RESULTS:In cisplatin group compared with control group,the Kaolin intake increased significantly(P
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OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of Yiqi Tongmai Oral Liquid (YQTM), a traditional compound Chinese herbal medicine, in treating angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS: A multicentric, randomized, double blinded and paralleled controlled trial was conducted on 110 patients in trial group treated with YQTM, and 109 patients in control group treated with Shuxin Oral Liquid (SX). Cure and effective rates in both groups were evaluated. Frequency and duration of angina attack were counted and measured. Coronary angiography (CAG), electrocardiogram (ECG) and flat exercise test were taken in both groups. Blood lipid indexes, such as cholesterol (CH), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), were determined at pre- and post-treatment. The hemodynamic indexes, such as whole blood viscosity (J2), high-shear reduced viscosity (Eh), low-shear reduced viscosity (Ei), red cell aggregation index (Lb), red cell rigidity index (Rh), fibrinogen (Fb), blood sedimentation rate (BSR) and hematocrit (HCT), were determined at pre-and post-treatment. The indicated scores of symptoms and signs of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern, such as chest pain, chest constriction, breath shortness, palpitation, fatigue, dim complexion, spontaneous perspiration and tongue proper, tongue coating were evaluated in week 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 during the treatment course. The safety indexes, such as body temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure were observed. Routine tests of blood, urine and stool, hepatic function test and renal function test were taken at pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the total effective rate of the trial group and that of the control group, which were 91.82% and 85.32%, respectively (P>0.05). Trial groups percentile of cure rate is significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). The levels of CH, TG and LDL of both groups were lowered significantly (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Yiqi Tongmai Oral Liquid bears good therapeutic effect on angina pectoris without adverse reaction, and is superior to Shuxin Oral Liquid. Yiqi Tongmai Oral Liquid is a new effective and safe medicine for the treatment of angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease.